According to several industry estimates, the global humanoid robot market could reach between $30 billion and $60 billion by 2035, with annual growth exceeding 35%. Yet today, less than 1% of industrial companies use humanoids in real production environments. The gap between potential and adoption is telling.

From Technical Demonstration to Industrial Reality

Recent advances in robotics, driven by artificial intelligence and imitation learning, have made it possible to cross a major threshold. In 2025, several prototypes capable of performing picking or assembly tasks were unveiled. In 2026, some manufacturers are announcing tests involving fleets of 10 to 100 robots in controlled environments.

But those figures remain marginal. For comparison, a single automotive plant can deploy more than 1,000 traditional industrial robots.

The transition toward mass adoption involves challenges of a completely different nature:

• System standardization
• Large-scale maintenance
• Software interoperability
• Total cost of ownership (TCO)

Today, the cost of a humanoid robot still ranges between $50,000 and $150,000, which significantly limits large-scale deployment.

The real challenge is no longer
making a robot walk, but making
it work at scale.

We are no longer selling machines,
but ecosystems where hardware is
only the visible part of the data layer.

A Redefinition of the Robotics Model

The traditional robotics framework is evolving toward a systemic approach. In 2026, the most advanced players are no longer selling robots alone, but complete solutions integrating:

• Hardware
• Software
• Infrastructure
• Services
• Data

There is a clear convergence with SaaS models, where value shifts toward operations and data management.

Humanoid robotics is entering a new phase. After the era of technological innovation (2015–2025), the decade 2025–2035 will be defined by large-scale deployment.

The bottleneck has shifted toward infrastructure, regulation, and market integration. The companies that will dominate this market will not simply be those designing the most advanced robots, but those capable of deploying them at scale in real-world environments.

The next revolution will not be technological. It will be operational.

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A technical comparison at the heart of processors and protocols.

Rockwell Automation: The Strength of “Logix” and EtherNet/IP

The Milwaukee giant is built on one philosophy: The Connected Enterprise. Rockwell’s architecture is centered on the Logix controller family (ControlLogix and CompactLogix) and the Studio 5000 development environment.

Technical DNA:

Core protocol: Everything is built around EtherNet/IP. Unlike others that rely on proprietary layers, Rockwell uses CIP (Common Industrial Protocol) over standard Ethernet. This makes integration with enterprise IT layers easier, with Cisco as a long-time partner.

Programming philosophy: The approach is tag-based. Engineers do not manipulate raw memory addresses, but named variables directly at the firmware level.

Strengths: Exceptional native integration between drives (PowerFlex), HMIs (FactoryTalk), and PLCs. It is the “Apple” of industry: a closed ecosystem, but one that runs with remarkable smoothness.

Robot Magazine verdict: Ideal for large-scale process projects and heavy industry, where maintenance must be simplified as much as possible.

Automation is no longer a
hardware choice, it is a
20-year strategy.

Schneider Electric: EcoStruxure and Universal Openness

Schneider Electric has undergone a spectacular transformation, moving from a hardware manufacturer to a leader in industrial software. Its EcoStruxure architecture positions itself as the most open on the market, relying heavily on international standards.

Technical DNA:

Software convergence: With the acquisition of AVEVA, Schneider offers full digital continuity, from sensor to cloud. The PLC (M580 or M262) is no longer more than a node in a broader information network.

IEC 61499 innovation: Schneider is at the forefront of the IEC 61499 standard through EcoStruxure Automation Expert. Unlike the classic IEC 61131 standard, which is cyclical, IEC 61499 is event-driven and allows intelligence to be distributed: a block of code can run equally well in a speed drive or in the central PLC.

Strengths: Unmatched energy management. It is the architecture of choice for smart factories seeking to correlate power consumption with productivity.

Robot Magazine verdict: The most mature solution for those who want to break down silos between pure automation and data management (Big Data/AI).

Beckhoff: The PC-Based Revolution and the Power of EtherCAT

While Rockwell and Schneider are evolving the traditional PLC, German company Beckhoff has essentially eliminated it and replaced it with an industrial PC (IPC).

Technical DNA:

TwinCAT: The core of the system. It is a software platform that transforms a Windows kernel into a hard real-time operating system. It uses the computing power of Intel and AMD processors to drive ultra-complex machines.

Master of EtherCAT: Beckhoff invented EtherCAT, the fastest fieldbus in the world. Unlike EtherNet/IP, which sends individual packets, EtherCAT reads and writes data on the fly within a single frame that passes through all modules. The result: cycle times below 100 microseconds.

IT/OT integration: Beckhoff pioneered the use of C++ and C# directly in industrial control, alongside traditional Ladder Logic and Structured Text.

Robot Magazine verdict: The ultimate weapon for precision robotics, high-speed packaging, and special-purpose machines requiring intensive mathematical computation.

Topology Comparison: A Clash of Cultures

In Industry 4.0, software is
the new master of the
forge.

In-Depth Analysis: The Performance Duel

Motion control

In robotics, Beckhoff remains one step ahead thanks to EtherCAT. The synchronization of hundreds of axes happens with no perceptible latency. However, Rockwell has responded with its intelligent transport technologies, such as iTRAK, offering simplified mechanical and electronic integration for next-generation conveyor systems. Schneider, for its part, stands out with its Lexium range and its ability to integrate Delta or articulated robots through rich software libraries.

Cybersecurity: a critical challenge

Rockwell and Schneider have both adopted IEC 62443-4-2 certification, integrating security chips such as Secure Boot directly into their CPUs. Schneider emphasizes traffic transparency through integrated firewalls, while Rockwell focuses on granular access-right management via FactoryTalk Security. Beckhoff, by using Windows as its foundation, benefits from global security updates but requires deeper IT expertise to secure the operating system properly.

Which architecture for which future?

The choice between these three giants depends on your industrial legacy and your technological ambitions:

Choose Rockwell if you operate in North America or if you need a standardized architecture that is easy to troubleshoot by technicians familiar with clear and powerful logic systems.

Choose Schneider Electric if your priority is energy transition, software openness, and the desire to deploy a decentralized and agile architecture based on IEC 61499.

Choose Beckhoff if you are pushing the limits of physics: extreme cycle rates, complex machine vision integration, or the need to merge high-level software code with industrial automation.

In the era of software-defined manufacturing, the boundary between these players is becoming thinner, but their architectural philosophies remain essential compasses for the engineers of tomorrow.

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These three manufacturers all have recognized expertise, but their approaches differ significantly. Robot architecture, industrial positioning, sector specialization, precision, speed, and operating environment: each player addresses specific needs.

So, how do you choose between ABB, Epson, and Stäubli depending on your production requirements? Robot Magazine offers a detailed analysis to help guide industrial decision-making.

Three leaders, three industrial philosophies

Before getting into the technical comparison, it is essential to understand the positioning of each manufacturer.

ABB: versatility and industrial power

Choosing an industrial robot
means making a strategic decision,
not just a technical one.

Epson: precision and speed for electronics and assembly

Epson has long been recognized for its SCARA robots and micro-assembly solutions, positioning itself as a key player in high-precision industrial automation. The company specializes in applications where very high precision, extremely fast cycle times, and maximum compactness are critical to performance.

This expertise translates into a strong presence across sectors such as electronics, component manufacturing, small-part assembly, and high-speed automated production lines, where efficiency, repeatability, and space optimization are essential.

Stäubli: high precision and critical environments

Stäubli takes a more niche yet highly demanding position within the robotics landscape. Its robots are renowned for their exceptional precision, long-term reliability, and ability to operate in sensitive environments where strict standards are required.

This level of performance makes them particularly well-suited for industries such as pharmaceuticals, medical applications, food processing, as well as clean or sterile environments and micromechanics, where accuracy, cleanliness, and consistency are critical.

Technical comparison: performance, precision, flexibility

1. Precision and repeatability

• Stäubli clearly stands out in this area. Its robots provide extremely fine repeatability, making them well suited for critical environments and high-precision applications.
• Epson also excels, especially with SCARA robots, where precision is essential for fast, repetitive operations.
• ABB offers high precision as well, but it is more focused on versatile industrial applications than on extreme micro-precision.

Verdict: Stäubli > Epson > ABB for very high-precision applications.

2. Execution speed

• Epson leads in short cycle times and high-speed production. Its SCARA robots are designed for rapid tasks with highly optimized cycle times.
• ABB delivers strong performance, but with a balance between speed and robustness.
• Stäubli prioritizes precision and stability over pure speed.

Verdict: Epson > ABB > Stäubli for very high-speed production lines.

3. Payload and power

• ABB offers a very broad range, including robots capable of handling heavy loads in demanding industrial environments.
• Stäubli covers intermediate payloads with high precision.
• Epson mainly focuses on light payloads.

Verdict: ABB > Stäubli > Epson for heavy-duty applications.

4. Operating environment

• Stäubli is the leader for clean, sterile, or sensitive environments such as cleanrooms, pharmaceuticals, and food processing.
• ABB is designed for standard to complex industrial environments.
• Epson is suitable for clean environments, but not as demanding as those typically targeted by Stäubli.

Verdict: Stäubli > Epson > ABB for critical environments.

5. Flexibility and integration

• ABB stands out for its ability to integrate complex systems, particularly through advanced software, simulation solutions, and connected architectures.
• Stäubli offers excellent integration within specialized systems.
• Epson focuses on simple, fast-to-deploy solutions, but these are less scalable in complex architectures.

Verdict: ABB > Stäubli > Epson for complex industrial systems.

Robotics is evolving toward
smarter, more adaptive
systems.

Choosing according to your type of production

Heavy production and full-scale industrial automation

If your production involves:

• Heavy handling
• Welding
• Palletizing
• Complex industrial lines

ABB is the natural choice.

Its versatility, robustness, and software ecosystem make it well suited for large-scale installations.

Fast assembly and electronics production

If you work in:

• Electronics
• Component assembly
• Very high-speed production lines

Epson is particularly suitable.

Its SCARA robots provide the speed and precision needed for short-cycle operations.

Critical production and sensitive environments

If your activity concerns:

• Pharmaceuticals
• Medical industries
• Food processing
• Clean environments

Stäubli is often the obvious choice.

Its precision and compliance with strict standards make it a benchmark player.

Cost, maintenance, and ROI

• The choice does not depend on technical performance alone. Total cost of ownership (TCO) is a key factor.
• ABB often involves a higher initial investment, but offers strong durability and scalability.
• Epson provides more accessible solutions, with fast ROI on high-speed lines.
• Stäubli positions itself in markets where quality matters more than cost, with return on investment driven by reliability and compliance.

2026 trends: toward a convergence of technologies

The differences between these players remain clear, but certain trends are bringing their approaches closer together:

• Growing integration of AI to improve flexibility
• Development of collaborative solutions
• Advancements in machine vision
• Use of digital twins for simulation
• Convergence between industrial robotics and intelligent robotics

Robots are becoming less rigid, more adaptive, and better able to handle increasing variability.

A strategic choice, not just a technical one

Choosing between ABB, Epson, and Stäubli is not about selecting “the best robot,” but identifying the one that best matches your industrial reality.

• ABB for power, versatility, and complex environments
• Epson for speed, precision, and fast assembly
• Stäubli for extreme reliability and critical environments

At a time when automation is becoming a strategic lever, the robot is no longer just a tool, but a central element of the production system.

The right choice is the one that fits into your value chain, your environment, and your long-term industrial vision.

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At a time when optimizing production lines is becoming a strategic priority for manufacturers, Liebherr-Verzahntechnik GmbH has unveiled, through a recent press release, a range of palletizing solutions designed to meet increasingly diverse industrial needs. From small production runs to complex manufacturing environments, the German industrial group highlights a practical and scalable approach to automation.

A legacy of innovation

At Liebherr, automation is not just a product, but the result of a deeply rooted engineering culture. The legacy of Hans Liebherr, founder of the group, is reflected in the company’s ability to design in-house solutions where the market falls short. It was precisely this philosophy that led to the development of the PHS Pro pallet handling system in 2008.

At the time, faced with a lack of suitable solutions for its own industrial needs, the company chose to develop its own system. The result was a complete automation solution capable of adapting to complex industrial environments while remaining scalable.

Automation is becoming a
strategic lever for optimizing
production lines.

From custom-made to modular

Building on its success, the PHS Pro evolved into the PHS Allround, a modular version designed to make automation more accessible. This system is particularly suited to companies with limited space or those wishing to invest progressively.

The PHS Allround stands out through its standardized modular design, allowing step-by-step expansion. Available in several configurations, it offers options such as front machine access, double-fork systems, and extended travel distances for loading.

This modularity is a major advantage for industrial SMEs, which can integrate automation solutions without compromising their ability to adapt in the future.

Significant performance gains

Beyond flexibility, Liebherr’s palletizing solutions deliver notable performance gains. According to the press release, cost per part can be reduced by up to 40%, while machine utilization rates can reach 90%. One of the most striking benefits is the ability to operate without personnel, particularly in automated production environments.

These systems are especially well suited to one-off production and small batch manufacturing, a segment that is growing rapidly in industry, particularly with the rise of product customization.

Real-World use cases

Several examples illustrate the diversity of possible applications.

In the field of metrology, a company in southern Germany uses a PHS Allround to automate a measuring machine. A specific software adaptation was developed to integrate the machine into the system, demonstrating Liebherr’s ability to meet unconventional needs.

Another emblematic case is the installation of a PHS Pro in 2021 at a manufacturer of mechanical components. This system integrates three robotic cells equipped with machine vision, capable of recognizing up to 20 part variants. The entire process from sorting raw parts to machining, cleaning, and discharge is fully automated.

Finally, at Renault’s Cléon site, Liebherr deployed a solution combining a rotary loading system (RLS) and bin-picking technology. This setup optimizes the production flow of crankshafts while integrating intelligent management of incoming parts at the start of the line.

Palletizing solutions can be
adapted to a wide range of
industrial sectors.

Automation serving multiple industries

Liebherr’s palletizing solutions are now used across many sectors: construction, agriculture, aerospace, machine tool manufacturing, and mold production.

This cross-sector relevance confirms a broader trend: automation is no longer reserved for large standardized production lines, but is now expanding into varied environments, often characterized by lower volumes and greater complexity.

Toward accessible and intelligent automation

Beyond technical performance, Liebherr’s positioning is based on comprehensive support for manufacturers. Choosing the right system, integrating it into existing operations, and ensuring proper follow-up all appear to be key success factors.

As product manager Agnès Schauppel points out in the press release, the added value lies in the ability to combine experience, expertise, and creativity. This approach aims to make automation more accessible while meeting growing demands for flexibility and competitiveness.

A strategic challenge for european industry

In a context of accelerated industrial transformation, marked by cost pressure, labor shortages, and the need to increase productivity, automated palletizing solutions appear to be a strategic lever.

The modular and scalable approach developed by Liebherr fits perfectly within this dynamic. It allows manufacturers to adopt automation progressively, without overly heavy initial investments, while maintaining room for future development.

At a time when European industry is seeking to strengthen its competitiveness against international players, this type of solution could well play a key role in modernizing production tools.

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The German group, founded in 1847, does not directly produce industrial robots. Yet it lies at the heart of most modern automated systems. In 2025, Siemens generated over €79 billion in revenue, a significant portion of which comes from its industrial automation and digital activities.

Its strategy rests on a strong conviction: the future of industry does not depend solely on machines, but on their ability to be connected, controlled, and optimized in real time.

Siemens: The Brain of Industrial Robotics

If robots are the “arms” of the factory, Siemens is the central nervous system.

The group has established itself as a global leader in automation systems through several key technologies:

• Industrial programmable logic controllers (PLCs), notably the SIMATIC range
• Engineering software such as TIA Portal
• Industrial supervisory systems (SCADA)
• Control and motion control solutions

Market estimates indicate Siemens holds between 20% and 30% of the global industrial PLC market, making it one of the leaders alongside Rockwell Automation and Schneider Electric.

Siemens doesn’t sell robots;
it provides the factory’s
nervous system.

These technologies make it possible to coordinate entire production lines, integrating robots, sensors, machine tools, and logistics systems.

A Strategy Focused on Integration and Software

Unlike robot manufacturers, Siemens takes a systemic approach.

The group does not position itself as a machine builder but as a provider of technology platforms capable of integrating:

• Robotics
• Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)
• Data systems
• Artificial intelligence

This approach transforms isolated equipment into intelligent industrial ecosystems.

The global Industry 4.0 market, estimated at over $150 billion in 2025, is expected to exceed $300 billion by 2030, with an average annual growth rate above 10%. Siemens is today one of the main beneficiaries of this transition.

The Digital Twin: A Major Transformation Lever

A cornerstone of Siemens’ strategy is the development of the digital twin.

This concept creates a virtual replica of a factory, production line, or product to:

• Simulate industrial processes
• Test robot integration
• Optimize production flows
• Anticipate failures

According to Siemens, using a digital twin can reduce production start-up costs by up to 30% and cut development times by 20–50%.

Solutions such as Siemens NX, Teamcenter, or Tecnomatix are now used by major industrial players in automotive, aerospace, and energy sectors.

A Dominant Presence in Industry 4.0

Siemens stands out for its ability to cover the entire industrial value chain:

• Product design (PLM)
• Simulation and engineering
• Production automation
• Data supervision and analysis
• Predictive maintenance

This vertical integration helps industrial companies reduce complexity and improve overall performance.

Siemens’ Digital Industries segment alone generates tens of billions of euros in revenue and posts some of the highest margins within the group.

Siemens’ Key Role in Modern Robotics

Even without producing robots, Siemens is indispensable to their operation.

Its solutions enable:

• Communication between robots and industrial systems
• Optimization of trajectories and production cycles
• Integration of robots into complex environments
• Centralization of data for real-time decision-making

In many factories, robots from different manufacturers operate on architectures controlled by Siemens technologies.

Artificial intelligence enables
more autonomous and responsive
factories.

This positions Siemens as a major player in the global robotics ecosystem.

Towards Autonomous, AI-Driven Factories

Siemens’ vision aligns with a trend toward increasingly autonomous factories.

AI integration already allows for:

• Predictive maintenance, reducing unplanned downtime by up to 50%
• Real-time process optimization
• Automation of operational decision-making

Several studies suggest that AI adoption in industry could generate more than $3 trillion in global economic value by 2030.

In this context, Siemens is heavily investing in industrial software and cloud platforms, notably through Siemens Xcelerator.

A Strategic Partner for Industrial Companies

For industrial companies, Siemens is not just a technology provider but a strategic partner.

Its solutions help:

• Accelerate digital transformation
• Reduce operational costs
• Improve quality and traceability
• Strengthen competitiveness

In an environment marked by cost pressures, energy transition, and industrial reshoring, these levers are essential.

While robotics often grabs attention, it is only part of the ongoing industrial transformation.

Players like Siemens play a fundamental role by providing the software and technological infrastructure that allows robots to operate efficiently and in coordination.

In the coming years, industrial competitiveness will depend on the ability to integrate these intelligent systems.

The question will no longer be just about choosing the right equipment, but about building an industrial architecture capable of adapting, learning, and evolving continuously.

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As humanoid robotics attracts increasing attention worldwide, a growing number of startups are exploring new real-world applications for these machines. While many companies aim to build general-purpose humanoids capable of performing multiple tasks, TeknTrash Robotics is taking a different approach.

The company focuses on a very specific mission: automating waste handling through humanoid robots.

Robot Magazine spoke with Al Costa, entrepreneur and robotics advocate, about the company’s vision, the evolution of humanoid systems, and why specialization could be the key to making robots truly useful in everyday environments.

Introducing TeknTrash

Robot Magazine: To start, could you briefly explain what TeknTrash does, the problem your company addresses, and the vision that drives your work in robotics and automation?

Al Costa:
TeknTrash was created based on a simple observation: waste handling  both in industrial environments and in homes  is dangerous, unsanitary and unhealthy. It is a task that ideally humans should not have to perform.

To solve this problem, we developed ALPHA, the Automated Litter Processing Humanoid Assistant. ALPHA is a humanoid robot specifically designed to handle waste in many environments.

Our vision differs from many robotics companies currently developing humanoids. The idea of creating general-purpose humanoids capable of performing any task is, in my opinion, unrealistic.

When a company hires someone, it does not expect that person to code software, manage finances, serve coffee and answer customer calls simultaneously. Each job requires a different set of skills.

Biology teaches us the same lesson: specialization matters. Muscles designed for strength cannot perform precision tasks efficiently, and precision muscles cannot deliver high force.

For that reason, TeknTrash focuses entirely on waste handling. This specialization is the foundation of our strategy.

“Robotics should follow the same logic as human work: specialization creates efficiency.”
Al Costa, CEO of TeknTrash Robotics

Humanoid robotics and real-world applications

Robot Magazine: Humanoid robots are attracting strong attention across the robotics industry. How do you see these systems evolving from experimental platforms into real-world solutions?

Al Costa:
My background combines biology and computer engineering, which allows me to approach robotics from both scientific and technological perspectives.

Two years ago, I suggested to an investor that robots could be used during concerts as part of the entertainment experience. At the time, he dismissed the idea, arguing that robots would “sell themselves”.

But recently we saw a major pop concert in China where four humanoid robots danced alongside the singer. The audience loved it.

This example illustrates a broader point: China is currently far ahead in experimenting with real-world uses of robotics. If Western companies want to remain competitive, we need to closely observe what is happening there.

At TeknTrash we opened an office in Suzhou, and I may personally relocate to China in the future.

“China is moving extremely fast in robotics
adoption. Watching what happens there is essential.”
Al Costa

Systems thinking in robotics

Robot Magazine: Modern robotics increasingly relies on integrated systems combining AI, sensors and connectivity. How does TeknTrash approach this challenge?

Al Costa:
One of the biggest limitations for robotics today is computing power.

Human brains are made of carbon atoms. Carbon has the same four chemical bonds as silicon which is used in computer chips but carbon atoms are much smaller. This allows biological brains to pack incredible computing capacity into a very small space.

As a result, the human brain still far surpasses any computer we can currently build.

At the same time, semiconductor manufacturing is approaching atomic limits. Chips cannot keep shrinking indefinitely.

Because of this, robotics will increasingly rely on cloud computing.

Many advanced robotic functions will not run directly on the robot itself but on remote servers performing heavy computations.

This means robots must be connected continuously to powerful computing infrastructure.

TeknTrash is part of the One6G Association, exploring future connectivity technologies. Our architecture has also been recognized by Google Cloud as an example of cloud-based robotics.

“The future of robotics will rely heavily
on cloud intelligence rather than onboard
computing.”

Automation, intelligence and the future of work

Robot Magazine: Beyond productivity gains, how will intelligent automation reshape industries and society?

Al Costa:
Recently a well-known billionaire suggested that robots could eliminate the need for human work within five years.

That reminded me of the film WALL-E, where robots perform every task for humans and society becomes completely dependent on machines.

While that scenario may sound extreme, technological progress is clearly accelerating.

The futurist Ray Kurzweil described this phenomenon with the concept of the technological singularity  a point where technological evolution becomes so rapid that predicting the future becomes extremely difficult.

Whether or not we reach that point soon, intelligent automation will undoubtedly transform many industries in the coming decades.

Leadership and the future of robotics

Robot Magazine: What mindset shift is required to accelerate the adoption of humanoid robots?

Al Costa:
Technological pessimism has always existed.

When the telephone was invented, many people believed it was unnecessary because the telegraph already worked perfectly.

Innovation often faces resistance because people cannot imagine how new technologies will change everyday life.

Henry Ford famously said that if he had asked customers what they wanted, they would have answered: “a faster horse”.

Today many societies face labor shortages due to demographic changes. In Japan, for example, more adult diapers are sold than baby diapers.

This shows that robots will increasingly be needed to supplement human labor.

Our responsibility as technologists is to develop tools that improve society, even when people initially struggle to imagine their value.

About Al Costa

Al Costa is CEO of TeknTrash Robotics, a company focused on developing humanoid robots dedicated to waste handling in industrial and residential environments.

A serial entrepreneur, he has founded companies in the United States, the United Kingdom, Spain, China and Brazil. His first startup was acquired by a company listed on NASDAQ.

He is also the author of five books, including a science-fiction novel, and previously taught Big Data and Machine Learning at a university in Spain.

Having grown up in several countries as the son of a diplomat, he is also the founder of an NGO dedicated to protecting children in war zones.

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In this emerging model, companies no longer purchase humanoid robots. Instead, they simply subscribe to robotic labor capacity, much like they already subscribe to cloud services or software today.

With the arrival of humanoid robots developed by companies such as Tesla, Figure AI, Agility Robotics, and Apptronik, some industry players are already considering subscription-based business models.

If this trend continues, humanoid robots could profoundly transform the labor economy and create a market estimated at more than $100 billion in the coming decades.

What is Humanoid-as-a-Service?

Humanoid-as-a-Service (HaaS) is a model in which a humanoid robot is provided as a service rather than sold as a product.

Instead of purchasing a robot for several hundred thousand euros, a company could simply pay for:

• A monthly subscription

• An hourly rate

• A cost per completed task

In this model, the provider manages:

• The robot itself

• Software updates

• Maintenance

• Integration

• Algorithm improvements

The client company only pays for the actual use of the robot.

This approach transforms a heavy industrial investment into an operational expense, making the adoption of robotics significantly easier.

After SaaS and RaaS, Humanoid-as-a-Service
could represent the next economic
evolution of robotics.

Why Humanoid Robots Fit the “As-a-Service” Model

Humanoid robots have a unique characteristic: they are designed to operate in environments built for humans.

Unlike traditional industrial robots, which often require specialized infrastructure, humanoids can theoretically:

• Walk through a warehouse

• Handle objects

• Use tools

• Transport packages

• Work alongside human workers

This flexibility makes humanoid robots particularly compatible with on-demand service models.

For example, a company could rent a humanoid robot to:

• Handle a logistics activity peak

• Temporarily compensate for a labor shortage

• Automate repetitive tasks

Companies Exploring This Model

Several companies developing humanoid robots could adopt a Humanoid-as-a-Service model.

Tesla

Tesla is developing the humanoid robot Optimus, designed to work in factories and warehouses.

Elon Musk regularly mentions the possibility of deploying these robots at large scale in industry.

A subscription-based model could accelerate their adoption.

Figure AI

The startup Figure AI is developing the humanoid robot Figure 01, with the goal of deploying these machines in industrial environments.

The company has attracted strong investor attention after raising hundreds of millions of dollars.

Its business model could evolve toward on-demand robotics services.

Agility Robotics

Agility Robotics develops the humanoid robot Digit, designed for logistics and material handling.

Digit is already being tested in some warehouses to:

• Transport packages

• Automate certain operations

Apptronik

Apptronik develops the humanoid robot Apollo, designed for industrial applications.

The goal is to create a robot capable of assisting workers with physical tasks.

Industries That Could Adopt HaaS

Several sectors could quickly benefit from the Humanoid-as-a-Service model.

Logistics

Warehouses represent an ideal testing ground for humanoid robots.

They could:

• Load and unload packages

• Move goods

• Prepare orders

• Assist human operators

Manufacturing

In factories, humanoid robots could handle repetitive physical tasks.

They could also be used to operate in difficult or hazardous areas.

Services

In the longer term, humanoid robots could appear in:

• Hotels

• Airports

• Hospitals

• Shopping malls

They could assist human teams in logistics operations or customer support tasks.

A Potential Market Worth Over $100 Billion

Analysts believe humanoid robots could become one of the largest markets in robotics.

Several factors support this growth:

• Labor shortages in many countries

• Increasing productivity pressure

• Advances in artificial intelligence

• Gradual reductions in component costs

Some projections estimate a market exceeding $100 billion by 2040.

If the Humanoid-as-a-Service model becomes widespread, it could significantly accelerate this growth.

Logistics already represents an
ideal experimentation environment
for humanoid robots.

Toward a Robotic Labor Economy

The Humanoid-as-a-Service model could transform how companies access labor.

Instead of hiring employees for certain repetitive tasks, companies could simply subscribe to robotic workforce capacity.

We could eventually see:

• Humanoid robots rented by the hour

• Robots billed per task

• Robot fleets managed through cloud platforms

This model fits within a broader shift toward an economy of automated services.

Challenges to Overcome

Despite its potential, the Humanoid-as-a-Service model still faces several challenges.

Robot Costs

Humanoid robots are still expensive to manufacture.

Reliability

To operate in industrial environments, these robots must be extremely reliable.

Energy Autonomy

Battery technology remains a limiting factor for extended operation.

Humanoid robots could represent the next major revolution in industrial robotics. By combining artificial intelligence, advanced robotics, and subscription-based economic models, the concept of Humanoid-as-a-Service could transform how companies access automation.

Instead of purchasing robots, companies may soon subscribe to robotic labor.

If this vision becomes reality, humanoid robots could create a new industry worth more than $100 billion and mark the beginning of a new automated labor economy.

FAQ – Humanoid-as-a-Service (HaaS)

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As a media partner, Robot Magazine will closely follow this new edition and invites its readers engineers, industrial leaders, integrators, and robotics enthusiasts to explore an event that embodies the ongoing transformation in factories and production lines.

A Comprehensive Overview of Modern Industry

Global Industrie stands out by bringing together the entire industrial value chain. While some events focus on a specific technology, Global Industrie takes a holistic approach: it connects players in robotics, production, subcontracting, and industrial digitalization.

For several days, thousands of professionals gather to discuss major technological advances that are redefining production models. The event typically hosts more than 2,000 exhibitors and tens of thousands of visitors from across Europe.

In the exhibition halls, visitors can discover:

• Next-generation industrial robots and cobots
• Advanced automation systems
• Additive manufacturing solutions
• Predictive maintenance technologies
• Innovations related to industrial artificial intelligence
• Automated logistics platforms

This diversity makes it a true barometer of European industrial innovation.

Robotics does not replace
humans; it multiplies their
potential.

Robotics at the Heart of Industrial Transformation

For Robot Magazine readers, robotics remains one of the main points of interest at the show. The stands dedicated to robotics and automation are among the most dynamic of the event.

International companies such as ABB Robotics, KUKA, Fanuc, and Universal Robots regularly showcase their latest innovations here.

Visitors can observe robots in action:

• Assembling mechanical parts
• Handling electronic components
• Collaborating with human operators
• Automating production lines

These demonstrations provide a concrete understanding of how robotic technologies are now integrated across all industrial sectors: automotive, aerospace, electronics, logistics, and food production.

Collaborative robotics, in particular, is growing in importance. Cobots allow companies of all sizes, including SMEs, to automate certain tasks while maintaining close interaction with human operators.

Industry 4.0: The Convergence of Robots, Data, and AI

Beyond robotics, Global Industrie highlights the major trends of Industry 4.0.

Today, factories are no longer just automated; they are becoming connected, intelligent, and data-driven. Industrial sensors, vision systems, AI, and software platforms play an increasingly central role in process optimization.

The show offers a concrete glimpse into this technological convergence.

Visitors can discover:

• Predictive maintenance solutions based on data analysis
• Digital twins for simulating production lines
• Industrial control platforms integrating AI
• Autonomous logistics systems using mobile robots and AGVs

This digital transformation is now a strategic challenge for European industry, which faces competitiveness, energy transition, and technological sovereignty issues.

A Hub for Industry Stakeholders

Global Industrie is not just an exhibition. It is also a space for networking and sharing experiences.

Numerous conferences and roundtables address major current industrial issues:

• Industrial reshoring
• Energy transition
• SME automation
• Technical skills shortages
• AI’s impact on industrial professions

These discussions are valuable for decision-makers seeking to anticipate sector developments and identify technologies that can enhance organizational performance.

The event also welcomes deep-tech startups developing tomorrow’s industrial technologies, offering visitors the chance to discover promising innovations that are still little known.

A Must-Attend Event for Professionals

For engineers, industrial leaders, and tech entrepreneurs, Global Industrie offers a unique opportunity to take the pulse of industrial innovation.

In just a few days, attendees can:

• Observe the latest robotic advancements
• Meet suppliers and technology partners
• Network with industry leaders
• Identify new collaboration opportunities

In a context where automation, AI, and robotics are transforming industrial models, events like this play a key role in connecting ecosystem players.

Robot Magazine explores the
technologies shaping the industry
of tomorrow.

Robot Magazine at the Heart of the Event

In a context marked by accelerating automation, the rise of industrial AI, and technological sovereignty challenges, Robot Magazine will focus on advanced robotics, factory digitalization, and the transition to a more sustainable industry. Visitors will discover demonstrations of next-generation industrial robots, collaborative cobots, predictive maintenance solutions, and AI-based industrial control platforms.

Numerous conferences and roundtables will also bring together industrial leaders, researchers, and startups to explore deep transformations in the manufacturing sector. For professionals in robotics and automation, this 2026 edition is a unique opportunity to discover the technologies that will shape the factories of tomorrow and to meet key players in the European industrial ecosystem.

As a media partner of Global Industrie, Robot Magazine will cover the show’s standout innovations.

Our teams will meet with industrialists, startups, and experts to share with our readers:

• Interviews with executives and engineers
• Analyses of robotics trends
• Technology demonstrations
• Reports from the heart of the exhibition halls

Our goal is simple: to highlight the technologies shaping tomorrow’s industry and give a voice to the actors driving this transformation.

See You at Global Industrie

Whether you are an engineer, entrepreneur, integrator, or simply passionate about industrial technologies, Global Industrie offers a unique chance to discover innovations reshaping the industrial landscape.

Robotics, AI, and automation are no longer futuristic concepts; they are at the core of industrial strategies.

And this is exactly what you will be able to observe, understand, and experience at this unmissable European industrial event.

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Today, this model is evolving rapidly thanks to a concept that is gaining ground in the technology ecosystem: Robot as a Service (RaaS).

Inspired by the Software as a Service (SaaS) model that revolutionized the software industry, Robot as a Service allows companies to use robots without having to purchase them. Instead of investing in equipment, businesses pay a monthly subscription or a usage-based fee.

This model opens robotics to a much broader audience and accelerates the adoption of automation in sectors such as logistics, security, manufacturing, and agriculture.

With the rise of artificial intelligence, autonomous robots, and cloud computing, RaaS could become one of the dominant economic models in robotics in the coming decades.

Robots are no longer just expensive
industrial equipment for large
enterprises.

What Is Robot as a Service?

Robot as a Service (RaaS) is a business model in which robots are provided as a service rather than sold as a product.

In this system, the client company does not purchase the robot. It pays to use it.

The provider generally handles:

• The supply of the robot
• Installation and integration
• Maintenance
• Software updates
• Performance monitoring
• Sometimes even remote operation

The client then pays according to several possible models:

• Monthly subscription
• Pay-per-use
• Pay-per-task
• Pay-per-performance

For example, in a logistics warehouse, a company may pay based on the number of orders processed by robots. In the cleaning sector, some autonomous robots are billed per square meter cleaned.

This model transforms a heavy capital investment into an operational expense, making robotics easier to adopt.

A Rapidly Expanding Market

The Robot as a Service market is experiencing strong growth. Several market studies indicate that demand for this type of solution could increase significantly in the coming years.

According to various analyses:

• The market exceeded $1.5 billion in 2023
• It could reach more than $4 billion by 2028
• Some projections suggest over $20 billion by 2035

This growth is driven by several major trends:

• Declining sensor costs
• Advances in artificial intelligence
• The rise of cloud robotics
• Labor shortages in many sectors

Companies increasingly seek to automate repetitive tasks while avoiding heavy upfront investments. The RaaS model responds precisely to this need.

Sectors Where RaaS Is Growing Rapidly

Logistics and Warehousing

The logistics sector is currently one of the main drivers of Robot as a Service.

Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMRs) are used to:

• Transport goods
• Assist operators
• Optimize logistics flows
• Speed up order fulfillment

In some warehouses, these robots can increase productivity by 30 to 50 percent.

Security

Security robots are also offered as a service.

These robots can:

• Patrol autonomously
• Monitor sensitive areas
• Detect anomalies
• Send real-time alerts

They are used in parking facilities, university campuses, and industrial sites.

Industrial Cleaning

Autonomous cleaning robots are becoming more common in large facilities such as:

• Airports
• Shopping malls
• Hospitals
• Hotels

These robots can clean large areas autonomously while collecting environmental data.

Thanks to the RaaS model, companies can access these technologies without an initial investment.

Agriculture

Agricultural robots can be used for:

• Autonomous weeding
• Crop monitoring
• Soil analysis
• Certain harvesting operations

In this sector, pay-per-use is particularly well suited, as farmers can rent robots during specific periods of the year.

Logistics and warehousing use
Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMRs)
to increase productivity by 30 to 50 percent.

Startups Driving the RaaS Model

Many startups and technology companies are now developing solutions based on Robot as a Service.

Among the best-known players:

• Formic – subscription-based industrial robotics
• Locus Robotics – warehouse logistics robots
• Knightscope – autonomous security robots
• Hirebotics – industrial welding robots
• Cobalt Robotics – building surveillance robots

These companies no longer simply sell robots; they sell automation capacity.

Why Investors Are Interested in RaaS

The Robot as a Service model strongly attracts investors because it transforms an industrial sales model into recurring revenue.

Traditionally, robotics companies sold machines as industrial equipment, which involved:

• Long sales cycles
• Irregular revenue
• High dependence on customer capital investment

With RaaS, companies can generate:

• Monthly subscriptions
• Predictable revenue
• Long-term customer relationships

This model mirrors SaaS, which profoundly transformed the software industry.

The Challenges of Robot as a Service

Despite its potential, Robot as a Service also presents several challenges.

Robot Financing

In this model, the provider must finance the robots. This requires significant capital to deploy fleets of robots at customer sites.

Maintenance

Robots must be maintained regularly to ensure proper functioning, requiring technical teams and appropriate logistics.

Profitability

To be profitable, a robot must be used intensively. A poorly utilized robot can quickly become a cost burden for the provider.

The Future: Connected Robots and Artificial Intelligence

The future of Robot as a Service is closely linked to advances in artificial intelligence and cloud robotics.

Robots are becoming increasingly connected and capable of sharing data with cloud platforms.

This enables:

• Remote fleet management
• Continuous algorithm improvement
• Over-the-air software updates
• Performance optimization

In the coming years, robots could become true intelligent platforms connected to the cloud.

Robot as a Service represents one of the most significant evolutions in modern robotics. By transforming robots into subscription-based services, this model democratizes automation and accelerates the adoption of robotics across many sectors.

With the convergence of robotics, artificial intelligence, and cloud computing, robots are gradually becoming intelligent platforms capable of delivering automated services at scale.

In the near future, many companies may no longer purchase robots but simply subscribe to robotic capabilities.

Just as SaaS revolutionized software, Robot as a Service could become the dominant economic model of future robotics.

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The Rise of Intelligent Industrial Robotics

Since the 2010s, industrial automation has experienced exponential growth, with articulated robots capable of welding, assembling, or painting at high speed in controlled environments. However, these systems remain limited by their rigidity: any change to the production line often requires complete reengineering. Humanoid robots, in contrast, introduce unprecedented flexibility.

Equipped with advanced sensors, precise articulated arms, and 3D vision systems, these robots can perform complex tasks in semi-structured environments. Giants like Toyota, Siemens, ABB, and Fanuc are now investing in hybrid solutions that combine traditional industrial robots with collaborative humanoids. This approach allows for the automation of operations previously reserved for skilled human operators, while retaining the ability to respond to unexpected variations.

Artificial intelligence plays a central role in this transformation. Humanoid robots can learn work sequences, detect anomalies in real-time, and adjust their actions to maximize efficiency. AI algorithms also enable continuous optimization of production lines by analyzing millions of data points to reduce downtime and improve product quality.

Humanoid robots are no
longer just experimental
tools.

Humanoids and Logistics: A Revolution Underway

Beyond production lines, logistics is one of the sectors where humanoid robots demonstrate their potential. In warehouses and distribution centers, robots like Agility Robotics’ Digit or Tesla Robotics prototypes can transport packages, sort goods, and collaborate with human workers. Their ability to handle objects of various sizes and shapes, navigate narrow aisles, and adapt to dynamic conditions reduces the need to reorganize existing infrastructures.

Integrating humanoid robots in logistics also enables real-time data collection. They can monitor inventory, detect packaging anomalies, and contribute to full product traceability. For e-commerce and retail giants, this combination of autonomy, precision, and data collection is a major strategic factor to meet growing demand and increasingly tight delivery timelines.

Massive Investments for Strategic Returns

Industrial giants are not just deploying humanoid robots they are investing billions in research and development to perfect these technologies. According to recent McKinsey & Company data, global investments in advanced robotics and AI for industry are expected to exceed $30 billion by 2026. These investments cover hardware, software, and human operator training to work effectively with these robots.

These investments are driven by several factors:

• Skilled labor shortage: In many sectors, recruiting experienced operators has become a major challenge. Humanoid robots help compensate for this deficit and secure production.

• Operational flexibility: Unlike traditional robots, humanoids can be quickly reprogrammed for new tasks or products, reducing reengineering costs.

• Competitiveness and innovation: Companies that effectively integrate humanoid robots gain speed, precision, and reliability, creating a strategic advantage over competitors.

Humanoids and Industrial Maintenance: A Winning Duo

Predictive and assisted maintenance using humanoid robots is another area where industrial giants are betting big. In complex factories, humanoids can inspect machines, detect anomalies, perform simple repairs, and collaborate with human technicians on more complex interventions.

With advanced sensors and onboard AI systems, robots can identify abnormal vibrations, overheating, or deformations—often before these issues cause production downtime. This reduces costs associated with breakdowns and enhances worker safety. Some companies are also experimenting with humanoids capable of handling specialized tools or assembling delicate components—tasks previously requiring significant human expertise.

Ethical and Regulatory Challenges

The widespread adoption of humanoid robots raises significant ethical and legal questions. Responsibility in the event of an incident, protection of data collected by robots, and impacts on human employment are central to the debate.

Governments and international organizations are beginning to establish regulatory frameworks. The European Union has launched initiatives to regulate collaborative and humanoid robots, while in the U.S. and Asia, sector-specific guidelines are emerging to ensure safety, compliance, and data protection. Companies must not only comply with these standards but also build trust among employees and customers to ensure sustainable adoption.

Predictive maintenance and assisted
interventions become safer and
more efficient.

Toward Human-Machine Collaboration

The success of humanoid robots in industry depends not only on technology but also on human acceptance. Industry giants emphasize ergonomic design, intuitive interaction, and transparency in robot actions. Specific training programs and collaboration protocols are implemented to ensure smooth integration into mixed teams.

This human-machine collaboration paves the way for a new work organization, where robots handle repetitive or hazardous tasks, and humans focus on supervision, decision-making, and solving complex problems. The benefits are twofold: increased safety and optimized productivity.

In 2026, industrial giants are heavily investing in humanoid robots to address major strategic challenges: flexibility, competitiveness, safety, and innovation. This transition marks a decisive step in the history of industrial robotics, where the boundary between humans and machines is becoming increasingly collaborative.

While widespread adoption of humanoid robots remains a technological, economic, and social challenge, current trends suggest a future where factories, warehouses, and maintenance centers may operate through effective symbiosis between human operators and humanoid robots. Companies that anticipate this revolution will gain a major competitive advantage, while humanoid robots will evolve from technological curiosities into indispensable strategic partners.

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